The levels of these vary depending on a persons health.
Lactate is considered an important biomarker thanks to its involvement in anaerobic metabolism.
At Simon Fraser Universitys Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, we have developeda flexible sensor for sweat lactate.

The benefit of using wearable sweat sensors is the capability for real-time, non-invasive and continuous monitoring of sweat.
There are various methods for sampling sweat for sensing.
One of the most representative approaches for collecting sweat is usingmicrofluidic systems with channels that deliver sweat.

Absorbent materials like cloth can also beused for sweat sampling for sensing.
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One of the most recent demonstrations used anintegrated microfluidic system with thermo-responsive hydrogels.

There are several sweat sensor products coming to marketthat measure analytes like the protein cytokineandglucose and lactate.
A third challenge is the reliability and accuracy of sweat sensors.
Powerful solutions
Users can specifically monitor targeted analytes in real-time by non-invasive sweat sensing.

Technological applications may come earlier than we expected through close collaboration between clinical doctors, scientists and engineers.