British aerospace company Rolls-Royce believes it has a solution to this conundrum: nuclear micro-reactors.
The UK Space Agency (UKSA) seems to agree.
It announced last week 2.9m of funding for Rolls-Royces lunar micro-reactor project.
This follows a 249,000 study funded by the agency last year.
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Space exploration is the ultimate laboratory for technologies we need on Earth.
However, commercial viability is still a long way off.
All these technologies will need a power source, and nuclear energy could hold the key.
Story bySion Geschwindt
Sion is a freelance science and technology reporter, specialising in climate and energy.
