We can model the motions of planets in the Solar System quite accurately using Newtons laws of physics.
But Mond doesnt merelyexplainsuch rotation curves, in many cases, itpredictsthem.
This makes it impossible to predict how quickly galaxies should rotate.
But such predictions are routinely made with Mond, and so far these have been confirmed.
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Mond makes a more definite prediction that the rotation speed must be in the range 180-190km/s.
Free parameters are constants certain numbers that we must plug into equations to make them work.
Each time, we gave a theoretical flexibility score between 2 and +2.
A score of 2 indicates that a model makes a clear, precise prediction without peeking at the data.
Precise predictions would fail in this case these are unlikely to work with the wrong physics.
The hollow circle is not counted in our assessment, as that data was used to set free parameters.
Reproduced from table 3 of our review.
Notice the lack of clear falsifications.
Reproduced from Table 4 of our review.
The bars rotate over time.
If galaxies were embedded in massive halos of dark matter, their bars would slow down.
However, most, if not all, observed galaxy bars are fast.
Thisfalsifiesthe standard cosmological model with very high confidence.
This simplified the calculations, but it doesnt reflect reality.
